アナフィラキシーとは、チーズやピーナツといった食物やハチ毒などで起こる即時型アレルギー反応のこと。一連の負の生体反応により、呼吸困難や末梢循環不全、血圧低下を来たしてショック状態から死に至る大変こわい病気だ。 | |
適切に対応すれば予後は悪くないのだが、下の記事のようにいまだに死亡例が後を絶たないのが現状のようだ。 | |
「食べてはいけない」…チーズ?が奪った小5女児の命 教訓生かされず… 産経新聞 1月26日(土)
ミスは繰り返され、最悪の結末を招いた-。東京都調布市の市立富士見台小学校で昨年12月、乳製品アレルギーがある5年生の女児(11)が、チーズ入りの給食を食べて死亡した事故は、担任教諭の確認ミスによる惨事だったことが判明し、警視庁が業務上過失致死容疑も視野に捜査している。同校では事故の3カ月前にも1年生の男児にアレルギーがある給食を誤って配り、病院に搬送されたばかり。教訓が生かされない失態に保護者らは認識の甘さに怒りをぶつける一方、症状や対応が生徒によって千差万別という現実が教育現場を悩ませている。 |
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アナフィラキシーショックの治療法ーエピペンの使い方について | |
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動画で見るアナフィラキシーの病理と生体反応 (Anaphylaxis and the bodies Physiologic response) |
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Anaphylaxis is a systemic reaction that can occur when a patient who is allergic comes into contact with the allergen they have been sensitized to.
Clinical symptoms may be mild, moderate, severe, protracted or biphasic. The allergic response begins with exposure. As antigen molecules enter the blood stream, they interact with IgE antibodies bound to mast cells and basophil. This union of antigen and antibody produces the complex sequence of intracellular biochemical events in the form of a cascade. A signal sense of the IgE antibody to the cells interior begins subsequential activation of a series of enzyme. This leads to the influx of calcium into the cell and the fusion of granules with the cells external membrane. The result is degranulation with the release of histamine and other chemical mediators into the extracellular space. These mediators flow through the body and bind to a receptor site at targeted organs, producing physiologic effects such as vasodilation and increased vascular permeability. In the lung, histamine produces smooth muscle contraction which causes obstruction, wheezing and shortness of breath. A combination of mechanism results in myocardial depression. To overcome these life-threatening events, epinephrine must be self-administered without delay. Upon injection, epinephrine works rapidly at organ site to count the effects of chemical mediators, acting to constrict blood vessels and reduce vascular permeability, relax smooth muscles of the airway and stimulate the heart rate. This generally reverses the most dangerous effects of an anaphylactic reaction, allowing time for transport to the emergency center for full professional care. However, in some cases, the continued flow of mediators prolong as they pass physiological effects or produces a relapse of the anaphylactic state. A single dose of epinephrine is not enough to reverse reaction in these cases. Patients should be advised that if symptoms have not improved within about five minutes after the first injection, a second dose is indicated. A second dose of epinephrine may be essential to adequate counter the anaphylactic reaction. The understanding of anaphylaxis as it continue on, with the potential for a severe, protracted or biphasic event developing after the initial phase. Underscores the need for two dose of epinephrine to be readily available. |
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アナフィラキシーとは、アレルギーを有する患者が以前に感作されたアレルゲンに接触したときに発生する全身性の反応だ。 |