今回は免疫学を専攻する研究者(僭越ながら当時の小生も含めて)の多くを魅了してきたNK細胞についてのアニメを見てみよう。 | |
NK細胞が注目を浴びてきた理由の一つに抗腫瘍活性がある。抗腫瘍活性とは体にできた癌細胞を攻撃・破壊する能力のこと。活性化因子による刺激を要することなく細胞障害性を有するのが特徴だが、IL-2やIFNγなどのサイトカイン刺激によりこの細胞の抗腫瘍活性は著明に増強される。この現象を臨床応用したNK-LAK療法は、当時(昭和60年代)の癌免疫療法の分野において、瞬く間に一世を風靡した。 | |
Of all the immune system soldiers, natural killer cells are the most aggressive. They are lymphocytes with no immunological memory and a part of your innate immune system. Natural killer cells make up about 5 to 15 percent of the total circulating lymphocyte population. Natural killer cells are called Natural Killers because they do not need to recognize a specific antigen, before releasing their toxins and destroying a viral infected cell or cancer cell. They target tumor cells and protect against a wide variety of infectious microbes. In several immunodeficiency diseases including AIDS, natural killer cell function is abnormal, thus allowing the viruses to multiply inside the human cells. Natural killer cells kill on contact. The killer cell binds to its target, aims its weapons, and then delivers a lethal burst of toxins that produces holes on the target cell membrane and creates events that destroy the cancer cell membrane and cleaves DNA into many pieces in a program cell death that is apoptosis manner. After releasing its lethal package of chemicals, the natural killer cell can detach from the cancer cell and kill many other circulating abnormal cells. Indeed, research has shown that most of the tumor cells that enter the circulation are destroyed during the first 24 hours. And only a few cells succeed in establishing themselves in distant organs from the primary tumor which is called metastasis. Natural killer cells may also contribute to immunoregulation by secreting high levels of influential lymphokines. Therefore research to develop natural products to stimulate the natural killer cell activity, especially in immune suppress patients undergoing chemotherapy for cancer, or in any viral disease such as AIDS or bird flu or immune suppression occurs is very important in the regulation of aspects of the immune system which affects our overall health. Finally we come back to the beginning of our knowledge of the natural killer cell. Here lies the natural killer cell in a lawn of sheep red blood cells. These cells are perfect targets for the natural killer cell, possessing no MHC1 receptor. The wrath of natural killer cell is fully bemedalled on the surrounding sheep red blood cells. The cytotoxins completely destroy the sheep red blood cells leaving clear plaques around the natural killer cell. There is no apoptosis event, just direct cytotoxicity. The natural killer cell is one of the key soldiers in the fight against viral and cancer growth. |
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生体防御の最前線で戦う免疫細胞の中で最も攻撃的なのがナチュラルキラー(NK)細胞だ。 末梢循環リンパ球のおよそ5~15%がこのNK細胞から成る。 |